歐洲銀屑病周:特別關(guān)注泛發(fā)性膿皰型銀屑?。℅PP)
本周是由EUROPSO發(fā)起的首個(gè)歐洲銀屑病周。我們希望借此機(jī)會(huì)提高對(duì)一種罕見的嗜中性粒細(xì)胞性皮膚病的認(rèn)知,即具有獨(dú)特臨床表現(xiàn)和病因的泛發(fā)性膿皰型銀屑?。℅PP)。
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GPP給患有這種疾病的人帶來了沉重的負(fù)擔(dān),但醫(yī)學(xué)界的許多人仍然對(duì)其不太了解。1,2,3
我們的皮膚病學(xué)臨床開發(fā)和醫(yī)學(xué)事務(wù)部負(fù)責(zé)人Emmanuelle Clerisme-Beaty回答了一些關(guān)于這種罕見病的常見問題 - 請(qǐng)繼續(xù)閱讀以了解更多有關(guān)GPP的信息、如何將其與更常見的銀屑病形式區(qū)分開來,以及加強(qiáng)教育以檢測和診斷這種疾病的需要。
在勃林格殷格翰,我們的目標(biāo)是為每天與疾病作斗爭的GPP患者以及正在提供治療的醫(yī)生提供幫助。如需了解有關(guān)GPP的更多信息,請(qǐng)?jiān)?a href="/bipdf/gpp-infographic">此處查看我們的信息圖。
什么是泛發(fā)性膿皰型銀屑病(GPP)?
GPP是一種罕見的異質(zhì)性并且可危及生命的嗜中性粒細(xì)胞性皮膚病。其特點(diǎn)是廣泛發(fā)作的肉眼可見無菌性膿皰,可伴有或不伴有全身炎癥。1,2這些癥狀的發(fā)作可能導(dǎo)致心力衰竭、腎衰竭和敗血癥等并發(fā)癥,通常需要緊急治療。1,2,3
GPP可以被表征為反復(fù)發(fā)作的復(fù)發(fā)性疾病,或間歇性發(fā)作的持續(xù)性疾病。4發(fā)作期間癥狀的嚴(yán)重程度可能因患者而異。1
目前,歐洲的發(fā)病率估計(jì)為百萬分之二,1女性患者多于男性。1,2,5
GPP與斑塊狀銀屑病有何不同?
雖然GPP與最常見的銀屑病,即斑塊狀銀屑病,也稱為尋常型銀屑病(PV)之間的生物學(xué)標(biāo)志物和臨床癥狀可能存在一些重疊4,10,但GPP是一種完全不同的皮膚病。4,13,17
雖然GPP患者也可能被診斷患有PV,4但在臨床上,膿皰疹是GPP的標(biāo)志,4而PV主要由清晰的斑塊組成,具有灰色/銀白色鱗屑,很少涉及膿皰。12
在病理學(xué)上,GPP的特征是由于先天免疫系統(tǒng)失調(diào)導(dǎo)致的炎癥,被認(rèn)為是一種嗜中性粒細(xì)胞性皮膚病。13,14這與以適應(yīng)性免疫反應(yīng)為特征的PV不同,后者主要被認(rèn)為是一種自身免疫性疾病。16,17
為什么對(duì)GPP與斑塊狀銀屑病加以區(qū)分非常重要?
了解和區(qū)分這兩種疾病,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)量身定制的有效管理計(jì)劃和治療方案,從而滿足GPP患者的基本需求。這與GPP發(fā)作的治療尤其相關(guān)。?
及時(shí)診斷GPP可預(yù)防包括敗血癥、急性腎功能衰竭、充血性心力衰竭和急性呼吸窘迫綜合征在內(nèi)的并發(fā)癥的發(fā)病率。6,7,8
導(dǎo)致GPP的原因是什么?
導(dǎo)致GPP的確切原因尚不清楚,但有幾個(gè)因素可以引發(fā)GPP的發(fā)作。其中包括突然停用類固醇、接觸某些藥物、過度暴露在陽光下、基因突變和牙齒或上呼吸道感染。1,5,18GPP也可能在懷孕期間5,22以及壓力和焦慮期間發(fā)作。1,5,15但在許多情況下,發(fā)作的觸發(fā)因素尚屬未知。需要進(jìn)一步研究這種疾病的病因。
GPP對(duì)確診患者有何影響?
GPP的主要特征是膿皰的廣泛發(fā)作、皮膚發(fā)炎發(fā)紅。4,5這些癥狀可能突然發(fā)作,并且快速進(jìn)展。GPP發(fā)作可能與多種癥狀相關(guān)聯(lián),包括厭食、寒戰(zhàn)、發(fā)燒、不適、惡心和疼痛。1這些癥狀可能發(fā)展成危及生命的并發(fā)癥,如心力衰竭、腎衰竭和敗血癥。6,7,8
GPP會(huì)極大地影響患者的生活質(zhì)量,并對(duì)他們進(jìn)行日?;顒?dòng)(包括就業(yè)和社會(huì)關(guān)系)的能力產(chǎn)生重大影響。與該疾病相關(guān)的突然發(fā)作及其外觀會(huì)影響GPP患者的心理健康,這可能導(dǎo)致焦慮和抑郁。2,3,16此外,GPP患者也可能出現(xiàn)其他嚴(yán)重的合并癥。16
醫(yī)生如何具體識(shí)別GPP?
目前,GPP的診斷指南有限,診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)缺乏一致性。也沒有檢測GPP的特定醫(yī)學(xué)檢驗(yàn),但是皮膚活檢可能有助于區(qū)分診斷。18,19
由于GPP患者經(jīng)常在發(fā)作期間前往急診,因此醫(yī)生通常僅依靠臨床表現(xiàn)和對(duì)患者病史的評(píng)估來識(shí)別和區(qū)分GPP。
缺乏診療指南、檢驗(yàn)和相關(guān)知識(shí)會(huì)使診斷變得非常具有挑戰(zhàn)性,尤其是在時(shí)間對(duì)于診治GPP至關(guān)重要的情況下。
有哪些可用的管理方案?
目前在歐洲沒有獲批的針對(duì)GPP發(fā)作的特定療法。20
目前對(duì)于能夠快速和完全解決與GPP發(fā)作相關(guān)的癥狀,防止其再次發(fā)生,并且具有可接受的安全性的療法,存在高度未盡需求。2,21,22
醫(yī)生和GPP患者還有哪些其他信息來源?
EUROPSO(歐洲銀屑病運(yùn)動(dòng)傘狀組織)和本地銀屑病患者組織網(wǎng)站為醫(yī)生和GPP患者提供了大量有關(guān)GPP的信息。
參考文獻(xiàn)
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